The boat helm is a key part of any ship, both modern and older. In nautical terms, the helm refers to the steering system of the ship. It usually refers to the wheel used to steer the vessel, but in a broader sense, the helm includes the entire steering mechanism, which may encompass the wheel, rudder, and all related equipment for guiding the ship.

Development of the Steering System

In the past, ships were steered using a simple paddle or rudder mounted at the rear of the vessel. As shipbuilding evolved and ships grew larger, the standard became steering with a wheel. Initially, helms were located at the back of the ship, but over time, they were moved to a more central position on the ship’s bridge, allowing for better navigation visibility.

Modern Helms and Electronic Steering

Today, the term helm does not only refer to the physical wheel but also includes the electronic devices integrated into the ship’s navigation system. Modern vessels often use hybrid systems where steering can be done manually with the helm or electronically through advanced navigation systems. In high-tech vessels, steering can be fully computer-controlled, with the wheel serving as a backup system.

The Importance of Mastering the Helm

Mastering the helm is an essential skill for any sailor. This involves not only turning the wheel but also understanding how the ship responds to different sea conditions and situations. The helm plays a crucial role in ensuring safety at sea, as effective navigation and steering help prevent collisions or grounding. The helm remains a fundamental part of maritime navigation. Despite technological advances, the basic principle of the helm remains the same: to steer the ship effectively and safely in the desired direction. Understanding how to manage the helm, whether traditional or electronic, is vital for successful seamanship.

History and Origin of the Term “Helm”

The term “helm” originates from Old English, where it referred to the steering mechanism of a ship. The helm is the physical mechanism used to turn the ship, which can be operated by a handle or a wheel. Traditionally, the ship’s wheel is located on the right side (starboard) of the ship, which was advantageous for right-handed people, who were the majority operating the vessel. Having the helm on the starboard side was practical, as it allowed captains to steer more easily with their right hand while using their left hand to manage weapons, which was important in the past, especially during warfare. This historical rule still applies on modern ships, as most people use their right hand for steering.

According to the National Maritime Museum in the United Kingdom, the helm on larger ships was often mounted on the starboard side. Anglo-Saxon sailors called this steering device “steorboard,” which eventually evolved into the word “starboard,” now used to refer to the right side of the ship.

The practical reason for steering on the right side of the ship also stems from international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, where vessels coming from the starboard side have the right of way. Sitting and steering on the starboard side provides a better view of approaching vessels that must be given the right of way. For more information, you can read the article Why are boat steering wheels on the right?

The left side of the ship is now called “port,” but in the early Middle Ages, this side was referred to by different names, such as “baecbord” and later “larboard.” The latter term was used to denote the side where sailors loaded cargo or boarded passengers. Due to the similar pronunciation of “starboard” and “larboard,” the term “port” was adopted for the left side in the 19th century, as this was also typically the side of the ship facing the harbor.

Helm Design

The classic wooden ship’s wheel is the most recognizable form of a helm today, especially for smaller vessels. It is usually round in shape with 8 or 6 wooden spokes, although some designs had 10 spokes. The spokes connect to a square hole in the middle where the shaft turns. The entire system connects the wheel to the rudder chain through belts and pulleys located below the ship’s deck.

You can explore our wheels in the categories Sailboat steering wheels and Boat steering wheels.

Symbolism of the Helm

Beyond its function, the helm has also become a symbol. It is often seen as a tattoo or decorative motif, representing challenges and overcoming obstacles, much like sailors who face the unpredictability of the sea. Historically, the helm was also a solar symbol, but today it represents leadership and the ability to guide, stemming from its fundamental function on the ship.